Romans 3:1-8 Backed into a corner by Paul's arguments concerning the Law and Circumcision, Paul's imaginary challenger attempts to show that Paul's message leads to unacceptable conclusions about God. By this point in Paul's "diatribe,” who might Paul actually be envisioning as his opponent? What are the four questions presented against Paul's Gospel? What are the four things about God that Paul is accused of undermining? Does Paul believe that there is any real advantage to being Jewish? How are we today sometimes guilty of the same errors that Paul exposes in the thinking of his Jewish opponent? How does Paul successfully defend the character of God while maintaining his position regarding the Law and Circumcision? (58 min)

Keywords Jews, Law, Circumcision, Righteousness, Faithfulness, Justice

Romans 2:25-29 After getting our bearings once again in the flow of Paul's case, we consider in this lesson his response to the Jew's reliance on circumcision. What was the purpose of circumcision? What value did Paul see in circumcision for the Jew who kept the Law? What value did it have for the one who transgressed the Law? What are the two "hypothetical" characters Paul sets before us in this passage? What essentially happens for the uncircumcised person who keeps the Law of Moses? What becomes the relationship of the uncircumcised keeper of the law with the circumcised transgressor? What are the four distinct ways that scripture speaks of someone being the descendant of Abraham or the "seed" of Abraham? How is the fourth way both a new and old way of looking at things? What is Paul saying, and not saying, when he speaks of being a Jew as an internal thing? What implications does Paul's dismissal of circumcision as effective for redemption have upon us today? (58 min)

Keywords Jews, Law, Circumcision, Gentiles

Romans 2:17-24 Paul continues to tighten his net around even the most convinced moralists, in this case the Jews. What does it mean to be a Jew? Is Paul speaking as an anti-Semite or as one who has discounted the significance of being Jewish? What are the two supports the Jew believes keep him in right standing with God? What are the five privileges Paul attributes to being a Jew? Additionally, what are the four prerogatives that the Jew possessed? In his imagined dialog with a Jewish moralist, what would have likely been the response of his imagined Jew to the things Paul listed in verses seventeen through twenty? How does Paul "lower the boom" on the Jewish moralist? What is the result among non-Jews to the disobedience of the Jew to the Law. How can this passage, clearly written with Jews in mind, apply to us today? (59 min)

Keywords Jews, Law, Moralists

Romans 2:5-16 Paul continues his argument that the moralist is also guilty before God. Having regarded lightly the patience and forbearance of God, they are storing up wrath for themselves. When will that wrath be experienced? By what standard will God judge all men and women? How does the Jew and Gentile differ in what they know about right and wrong? Does God judge the Jew differently than he judges the Gentile? In what different ways does Paul use the word "law" in Romans? Does Paul teach in this passage that a person can be saved by being good? What mistake does the moralist make in thinking that his sins are minor and hidden? What kind of sins did Jesus teach that God would judge? Who will be the final judge? (56 min) (The class handout on Paul’s uses of the word “law” in Romans can be accessed/downloaded from the Things To Grow With page.)

Keywords Law, Judging, Judgment